Aurora (astronomy)

  (Redirected from Polar aurora)
"Aurora Borealis" redirects here. For other uses, see Aurora Borealis (disambiguation).
"Aurora Australis" redirects here. For the ship, see Aurora Australis (icebreaker). For the book, see Aurora Australis (book).
For other uses, see Aurora (disambiguation).

The aurora borealis shines above Bear Lake

Red and green aurora in Fairbanks, Alaska

Aurora australis in Antarctica


Aurora timelapse video

An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae) is a natural light display in the sky, particularly in the polar regions, caused by the collision of charged particles directed by the Earth's magnetic field. An aurora is usually observed at night and typically occurs in the ionosphere. It is also referred to as a polar aurora or, collectively, as polar lights. These phenomena are commonly visible between 65 and 72 degrees north and south latitudes, which place them in a ring just within the Arctic and Antarctic polar circles[citation needed]. Auroras do occur deeper inside the polar regions, but these are infrequent and often invisible to the naked eye.

In northern latitudes, the effect is known as the aurora borealis (or the northern lights), named after the Roman goddess of dawn, Aurora, and the Greek name for the north wind, Boreas, by Pierre Gassendi in 1621.[1] The chance of visibility of the aurora borealis increases with proximity to the North Magnetic Pole[citation needed]. Auroras seen near the magnetic pole may be high overhead, but from farther away, they illuminate the northern horizon as a greenish glow or sometimes a faint red, as if the Sun were rising from an unusual direction. The aurora borealis most often occurs near the equinoxes. The northern lights have had a number of names throughout history. The Cree call this phenomenon the "Dance of the Spirits". In Europe, in the Middle Ages, the auroras were commonly believed a sign from God (see Wilfried Schröder, Das Phänomen des Polarlichts, Darmstadt 1984).

Its southern counterpart, the aurora australis (or the southern lights), has similar properties, but is only visible from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, South America, or Australasia. Australis is the Latin word for "of the South".

Auroras can be spotted throughout the world and on other planets. They are most visible closer to the poles due to the longer periods of darkness and the magnetic field.

Modern style guides recommend that the names of meteorological phenomena, such as aurora borealis, be uncapitalized.[2]